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Musculoskeletal

Back pain physiotherapy

Most back pain is not caused by serious disease, and most episodes improve within weeks. Staying active and a guided exercise plan are the first steps.

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Understanding the condition

Back pain (low back pain) is very common. About 4.0 million Australians, or 16%, were living with back problems in 2022.1 In most cases the pain is non-specific, meaning no single cause can be pinpointed but it is not serious, and fewer than 5% of cases have a serious underlying cause.2 Most episodes improve within weeks.2 Scans often show age-related changes that do not explain pain, so imaging is not routinely needed early.3 Pain that lasts beyond six weeks or affects sleep and daily activities is worth discussing with your doctor.3

The Australian Low Back Pain Clinical Care Standard sets out the approach physiotherapy supports: check for serious causes and factors that slow recovery, explain what is happening, encourage a return to normal activity, and match physical or psychological strategies to your needs.4 Imaging, bed rest and surgery have limited roles in most cases.5 UK NICE guidance adds that exercise programs are recommended, manual therapy only as part of a package that includes exercise, and that acupuncture, ultrasound and TENS are not.6

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Back pain physiotherapy

What to look out for, and how we help

Symptoms are a guide, not a diagnosis. Your GP confirms the diagnosis; our team helps you manage it day to day.

What you might notice

  • Aching, stiffness or sharp pain in the lower back, often worse with bending, lifting or long periods in one position
  • Tight or spasming muscles around the spine
  • Pain that spreads into the buttock or leg, sometimes with tingling
  • Difficulty getting out of bed, standing up straight or getting in and out of a car
  • Pain that interrupts sleep or stops you doing usual work or activities
  • Call 000 or go to an emergency department if back pain comes with new trouble controlling your bladder or bowels (including being unable to pass urine), reduced feeling in the saddle area around the genitals and anus, or weakness in both feet or legs that keeps getting worse (possible cauda equina syndrome), or with leg numbness, fever, unexplained weight loss or a significant injury.

How our team helps

  • Assessment and diagnosis, including screening for serious causes and for worries, stress or work factors that can slow recovery
  • Clear education about your pain and practical advice on staying active
  • Individual exercise programs that build strength and confidence, progressed as you improve
  • Hands-on therapy used alongside exercise, not as a stand-alone fix
  • Group classes and hydrotherapy for supported, low-impact movement
  • Return to work planning, reports for GPs, insurers and workers compensation, and coordination with exercise physiologists and pharmacists

Your PDC care team

The teams and services that most often support people with this condition. They work from one shared plan, and one GP referral reaches all of them.

Allied health teams

Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy
Allied health team
Physiotherapy
Musculoskeletal treatment and rehabilitation to help you move better and manage pain.
Read more

Exercise Physiology
Exercise Physiology
Allied health team
Exercise Physiology
Safe, effective exercise programs designed by Accredited Exercise Physiologists for chronic condition management.
Read more

Related services

Related conditions

See all conditions

Sources and clinical review

Our care follows the ACSQHC Low Back Pain Clinical Care Standard and current Australian physiotherapy guidance.

  1. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Back problems. Canberra: AIHW; 2022 data [cited 2026 Oct 4].
  2. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. Low Back Pain Clinical Care Standard: guide for consumers. Sydney: ACSQHC; 2022.
  3. Healthdirect Australia. Back pain. Sydney: Healthdirect Australia; reviewed Jun 2024 [cited 2026 Oct 4].
  4. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. Low Back Pain Clinical Care Standard. Sydney: ACSQHC; 2022.
  5. Maher CG, et al. Introducing Australia's clinical care standard for low back pain: a new clinical care standard provides evidence-based guidance to help clinicians deliver best care for people with low back pain. Chiropr Man Therap. 2023;31:17.
  6. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management. London: NICE; 2016, updated 2020 (NG59).
  7. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. Low Back Pain Clinical Care Standard. Sydney: ACSQHC; September 2022 [cited 2026 Oct 4].
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Common questions

Do I need an X-ray or MRI for back pain?
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Usually not. Scans are generally kept for when a serious cause is suspected, and they often show age-related changes that do not explain your pain, which can cause worry and unnecessary treatment.<sup>2</sup> We screen for warning signs and refer if needed.

Should I rest if my back hurts?
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No. Bed rest should be avoided. Keep doing your normal daily activities as much as you can and return to work as soon as you are able, rather than waiting for the pain to disappear completely.<sup>2</sup> We help you find a comfortable level to start.

Is my back pain serious?
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Usually not. Fewer than 5% of cases have a serious underlying cause.<sup>2</sup> At your first visit we ask about and check for warning signs, such as bladder or bowel changes, leg weakness or numbness, fever or unexplained weight loss, and refer you urgently if needed.

How long does back pain take to go away?
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Most episodes improve within weeks.<sup>2</sup> See your doctor if pain lasts beyond six weeks or affects your sleep and daily life.<sup>3</sup> Pain can return, so we also focus on strength, confidence and a plan for flare-ups.

Do I need a referral, and can I claim?
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No referral is needed for private appointments. With a GP Chronic Condition Management Plan, Medicare rebates apply to up to five eligible allied health services a calendar year. Back pain from work may be covered by workers compensation, and private health extras can also apply.

Not sure where to start?

Tell us what is going on and we will point you to the right discipline, or to more than one. Most people start with a single appointment and leave with a plan the rest of the team can see.

Or go straight to a service

Phone (08) 6110 0570 · Medicare, NDIS, DVA and private options across our services

For GPs and health professionals

Referring a patient with this condition?

Send an online referral in under two minutes. One referral reaches every discipline at PDC Health Hub.