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Musculoskeletal

Shoulder pain physiotherapy

Shoulder pain is often rotator cuff related, and exercise-led physiotherapy is the first-line treatment. We find the cause and build a strengthening plan around your goals.

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Understanding the condition

Shoulder pain has several possible causes, including rotator cuff problems (rotator cuff related shoulder pain or rotator cuff tendinopathy), frozen shoulder, bursitis, arthritis and pain coming from the neck or spine.1 The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and tendons that steady the shoulder and let it move, and injuries range from minor strains to complete tears that can come on suddenly or build up over time.2 This can make lifting, reaching overhead or sleeping on that side painful. Treatment depends on the cause, so a careful assessment matters.

Physiotherapy is the first-line approach for rotator cuff problems, using stretching and strengthening exercises.2 A 2025 JOSPT clinical practice guideline covers diagnosis, non-surgical care and rehabilitation of rotator cuff tendinopathy, including partial-thickness tears.3 The French national health authority (HAS) similarly recommends structured physiotherapy with progressive strengthening, and does not support surgery unless there is a full-thickness tear and conservative care has failed.4 Australian guidance is limited, so this care draws on international guidelines.

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Shoulder pain physiotherapy

What to look out for, and how we help

Symptoms are a guide, not a diagnosis. Your GP confirms the diagnosis; our team helps you manage it day to day.

What you might notice

  • Pain in the shoulder or upper arm, often worse when lifting the arm, reaching overhead or reaching behind your back
  • Pain that wakes you at night or makes it hard to sleep on that side
  • Weakness or difficulty lifting objects
  • Stiffness or reduced movement in the shoulder
  • Clicking, catching or a pinching feeling with some movements
  • Call 000 if shoulder pain comes with chest tightness or difficulty breathing. See your doctor promptly if pain follows an injury, worsens at rest, comes with fever or weight loss, or you lose the ability to use the arm.

How our team helps

  • Assessment and diagnosis, including checking the neck and upper back, which can refer pain to the shoulder
  • Individual exercise programs with progressive strengthening and movement control
  • Hands-on therapy where it helps you move and exercise more comfortably
  • Dry needling as an optional add-on for some people, alongside exercise
  • Return to work or sport planning, including overhead and lifting tasks
  • Reports for GPs, insurers and workers compensation, and coordination with your GP about injections, imaging or specialist referral

Your PDC care team

The teams and services that most often support people with this condition. They work from one shared plan, and one GP referral reaches all of them.

Allied health teams

Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy
Allied health team
Physiotherapy
Musculoskeletal treatment and rehabilitation to help you move better and manage pain.
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Related services

Related conditions

Terms explained

Plain English explanations for this condition are being added.
See all conditions

Sources and clinical review

Our shoulder pain care follows the 2025 JOSPT rotator cuff tendinopathy clinical practice guideline and current Australian physiotherapy guidance.

  1. Healthdirect Australia. Shoulder pain. Sydney: Healthdirect Australia; reviewed Jun 2023 [cited 2026 Oct 4].
  2. Healthdirect Australia. Rotator cuff injury. Sydney: Healthdirect Australia; reviewed Aug 2024 [cited 2026 Oct 4].
  3. Desmeules F, Roy JS, Lafrance S, et al. Rotator cuff tendinopathy diagnosis, nonsurgical medical care, and rehabilitation: a clinical practice guideline. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2025;55(4):235-74.
  4. Haute Autorité de santé. Management of rotator cuff tendinopathies: toolkit guide. Saint-Denis La Plaine: HAS; validated 2023, updated 2024.
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Common questions

What is rotator cuff related shoulder pain?
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It is pain from the rotator cuff muscles and tendons that steady and move your shoulder. It can follow a strain or build up over time.<sup>2</sup> It often responds to a progressive exercise program, and your physio will check other causes too.

Do I need surgery for a rotator cuff problem?
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Usually not at the start. Healthdirect lists surgery for when conservative treatment fails,<sup>2</sup> and the French HAS does not support surgery without a full-thickness tear and failed non-surgical care.<sup>4</sup> We guide your exercise program and liaise with your GP if referral is needed.

Are cortisone injections a good idea for shoulder pain?
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They can ease pain for a time and are a second-line option when exercise and other measures have not helped.<sup>4</sup> They are not a replacement for exercise. HAS found no demonstrated benefit from hyaluronic acid or platelet-rich plasma injections.<sup>4</sup> Discuss options with your GP.

How long will my shoulder pain take to settle?
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It depends on the cause, how long you have had it and how consistently you can follow your program. Tendon problems tend to respond gradually to progressive strengthening rather than overnight. We review your progress and adjust the plan as you improve.

Do I need a referral, and can I claim?
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No referral is needed for private appointments. With a GP Chronic Condition Management Plan, Medicare rebates apply to up to five eligible allied health services a calendar year. Shoulder injuries from work may be covered by workers compensation, and private health extras or DVA may also apply.

Not sure where to start?

Tell us what is going on and we will point you to the right discipline, or to more than one. Most people start with a single appointment and leave with a plan the rest of the team can see.

Or go straight to a service

Phone (08) 6110 0570 · Medicare, NDIS, DVA and private options across our services

For GPs and health professionals

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