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Surgery rehabilitation

ACL reconstruction rehabilitation

ACL rehab often runs nine months or more, and return to sport should depend on strength and movement tests, not the calendar. We guide you from surgery to sport in Perth.

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Understanding the condition

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a ligament inside the knee that keeps it stable when you pivot, land and change direction. An ACL reconstruction replaces a torn ligament with a graft, and can make a return to sport possible that might not otherwise be. Most people recover well, but it takes hard work, recovery can take months to years, and the knee may not be as good as before the injury.1 Some people do well with rehabilitation alone, so surgery is a shared decision.5

Rehabilitation is guided by criteria, not the calendar. The Aspetar guideline says its length is individual and depends on showing you can safely meet your activity demands.2 Pivoting sport is usually delayed until at least nine months, and hop distance alone is not enough.4 In one cohort of 100 people, each month of delay up to nine months cut reinjury by 51%, and fewer people who passed all tests were reinjured.3 That was observational, so treat it as guidance, not a guarantee.

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ACL reconstruction rehabilitation

What to look out for, and how we help

Symptoms are a guide, not a diagnosis. Your GP confirms the diagnosis; our team helps you manage it day to day.

What you might notice

  • A knee that swells, aches or feels stiff after ACL surgery or after an injury, and slows your progress
  • Difficulty fully straightening or bending the knee
  • Weak thigh muscles compared with the other leg, or trouble with stairs, squatting or single-leg tasks
  • A knee that feels unsteady or gives way on landing, pivoting or changing direction
  • Worry about re-injury, or uncertainty about when it is safe to run, jump or return to sport
  • Seek urgent medical review for a knee that is more swollen, red or hot than expected, an oozing wound, a raised temperature, persistent calf pain or swelling, or new numbness, tingling or discolouration in the foot, and call 000 for chest pain or shortness of breath.

How our team helps

  • Assessment before and after surgery, including strength, movement and function checks compared with your other leg
  • Individual exercise programs that progress from early movement and strength through running, jumping and landing
  • Hands-on therapy where it helps you move and exercise more comfortably
  • Return to sport planning built on testing and your readiness, not just the number of months since surgery
  • Hydrotherapy and group exercise classes where suitable, once your surgeon agrees and the wound has healed
  • Reports for your GP, surgeon or insurer, and coordination with exercise physiologists for strength and conditioning

Your PDC care team

The teams and services that most often support people with this condition. They work from one shared plan, and one GP referral reaches all of them.

Allied health teams

Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy
Allied health team
Physiotherapy
Musculoskeletal treatment and rehabilitation to help you move better and manage pain.
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Exercise Physiology
Exercise Physiology
Allied health team
Exercise Physiology
Safe, effective exercise programs designed by Accredited Exercise Physiologists for chronic condition management.
Read more

Related services

Related conditions

Terms explained

Plain English explanations for this condition are being added.
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Sources and clinical review

Our care follows the 2023 Aspetar clinical practice guideline on rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction and your surgeon's rehabilitation protocol.

  1. Healthdirect Australia. ACL reconstruction. Healthdirect Australia; reviewed January 2026.
  2. Kotsifaki R, et al. Aspetar clinical practice guideline on rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(9).
  3. Grindem H, Snyder-Mackler L, Moksnes H, Engebretsen L, Risberg MA. Simple decision rules can reduce reinjury risk by 84% after ACL reconstruction: the Delaware-Oslo ACL cohort study. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(13).
  4. Kotsifaki R, Whiteley R. Criteria-based rehabilitation and return to sport testing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Aspetar Sports Med J. 2023;12.
  5. Trudinger M. ACL rehab versus reconstruction. InMotion, Australian Physiotherapy Association; 26 November 2025.
  6. University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust. Advice following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction [patient information leaflet]. University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust; June 2023 [cited 2026 Oct 4].
  7. Healthdirect Australia. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Sydney: Healthdirect Australia; reviewed May 2025 [cited 2026 Oct 4].
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Common questions

How long until I can return to sport after ACL reconstruction?
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Guidance suggests waiting at least nine months before returning to pivoting sport, and many people need longer. The timing is individual and depends on meeting strength, movement and confidence criteria.<sup>2,4</sup> Returning earlier is linked with more reinjury.<sup>3</sup>

Why do I need testing before I go back to sport?
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Tests show whether your leg is strong and controlled enough for the demands of sport, which time alone cannot do. In one study, fewer people who passed all tests were reinjured, though the overall evidence on test batteries is mixed.<sup>2,3</sup>

Do I need surgery for a torn ACL?
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Not always. Research suggests some people do as well with rehabilitation alone as with early surgery, and the choice depends on your knee, your sport and your goals.<sup>5</sup> We can explain your options and liaise with your GP or surgeon.

Is physio before ACL surgery useful?
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The Aspetar guideline says rehabilitation before surgery might improve thigh strength and knee movement afterwards, and may shorten the time to return to sport, although evidence is limited.<sup>2</sup> Getting swelling down and full straightening back is a common aim.

Do I need a referral, and what funding is available?
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No referral is needed for private appointments. With a GP Chronic Condition Management Plan, Medicare rebates apply to up to five eligible allied health services a calendar year. Private health extras may also contribute, and workers compensation or DVA may apply in some cases.

Not sure where to start?

Tell us what is going on and we will point you to the right discipline, or to more than one. Most people start with a single appointment and leave with a plan the rest of the team can see.

Or go straight to a service

Phone (08) 6110 0570 · Medicare, NDIS, DVA and private options across our services

For GPs and health professionals

Referring a patient with this condition?

Send an online referral in under two minutes. One referral reaches every discipline at PDC Health Hub.