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Musculoskeletal

Knee pain physiotherapy

Knee pain has many causes, and exercise and education come before surgery for knee arthritis. We assess what is driving your pain and build a plan around your goals.

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Understanding the condition

Knee pain has many causes. In older adults a common one is arthritis of the knee (osteoarthritis), which can be diagnosed from your history and examination without a scan.1 Knee pain can also follow a twist or fall, or come from irritated tendons, ligaments or cartilage.2 In younger and active people, pain around or behind the kneecap (patellofemoral pain) is very common, affecting about 23% of adults in the general population.3 Scan findings do not always match how much pain you have, so we assess how your knee works, not just how it looks.

Physiotherapy is a first-line treatment. For knee osteoarthritis, Australian guidance puts education, tailored exercise and weight management first, and joint replacement is considered only after optimal non-surgical care.1 Keyhole surgery (arthroscopy) is not offered for uncomplicated osteoarthritis.1 For kneecap pain, exercise therapy, especially combining hip-focused and knee-focused exercises, is the recommended treatment, with tape, foot orthoses or hands-on therapy as short-term add-ons.3 Electrotherapy on its own is not recommended.3 UK NICE guidance also names exercise and weight management as the core treatments for osteoarthritis.4 Australian physiotherapists are encouraged to explain that exercise is safe and helpful.5

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Knee pain physiotherapy

What to look out for, and how we help

Symptoms are a guide, not a diagnosis. Your GP confirms the diagnosis; our team helps you manage it day to day.

What you might notice

  • Pain at the front, inside, outside or back of the knee, often worse with stairs, squatting, kneeling or getting up from a chair
  • Stiffness, especially first thing in the morning or after sitting for a while
  • Swelling or a feeling that the knee is puffy or tight
  • Clicking, grinding, catching or a sense that the knee is giving way
  • Less confidence or endurance when walking, running or playing sport
  • Go to an emergency department if your knee is red and hot with a fever, is badly swollen or has changed shape, or the pain follows a major injury, and see your doctor if you cannot move your knee or put any weight on it.

How our team helps

  • Assessment and diagnosis to work out the likely source of your knee pain, including osteoarthritis, kneecap pain and tendon problems
  • Individual exercise programs that build leg and hip strength and are progressed as you improve
  • Hands-on therapy where it helps you move and exercise more comfortably
  • Group exercise classes and hydrotherapy for low-impact, supported activity
  • Return to work or sport planning, and reports for your GP, insurer or NDIS planner
  • Coordination with dietitians, exercise physiologists and podiatrists for weight, activity and footwear support

Your PDC care team

The teams and services that most often support people with this condition. They work from one shared plan, and one GP referral reaches all of them.

Allied health teams

Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy
Allied health team
Physiotherapy
Musculoskeletal treatment and rehabilitation to help you move better and manage pain.
Read more

Exercise Physiology
Exercise Physiology
Allied health team
Exercise Physiology
Safe, effective exercise programs designed by Accredited Exercise Physiologists for chronic condition management.
Read more

Related services

Related conditions

Terms explained

Plain English explanations for this condition are being added.
See all conditions

Sources and clinical review

Our knee pain care follows the ACSQHC Osteoarthritis of the Knee Clinical Care Standard and current Australian physiotherapy guidance.

  1. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. Osteoarthritis of the Knee Clinical Care Standard. Sydney: ACSQHC; 2024.
  2. Healthdirect Australia. Knee pain. Sydney: Healthdirect Australia; reviewed Feb 2024 [cited 2026 Oct 4].
  3. Collins NJ, et al. 2018 consensus statement on exercise therapy and physical interventions for patellofemoral pain. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(18):1170.
  4. NICE. Osteoarthritis in over 16s: diagnosis and management. London: NICE; 2022 (NG226).
  5. Bunzli S, Ackerman I. Updating best practice care for knee osteoarthritis. InMotion. Australian Physiotherapy Association; 2024 Nov.
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Common questions

Do I need an X-ray or MRI for knee pain?
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Often not. Knee osteoarthritis can usually be diagnosed from your history and examination. If imaging is needed, X-ray is the first choice, and MRI is not appropriate for uncomplicated osteoarthritis.<sup>1</sup> We will refer you if a scan would change your care.

Should I rest a sore knee or keep exercising?
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Staying active is recommended for most knee pain, including osteoarthritis.<sup>1</sup> We tailor the type and amount of exercise to your knee and your goals, and review it regularly. A new injury needs assessment first, so book in if you are unsure.

Will I need knee surgery?
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Most people start with exercise, education and weight management. Australian guidance says joint replacement is considered only after optimal non-surgical care, and arthroscopy is not offered for uncomplicated osteoarthritis.<sup>1</sup> If surgery is appropriate, we will liaise with your GP.

How long will my knee pain take to settle?
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It depends on the cause, how long you have had it and what you do each day. Osteoarthritis is a long-term condition managed with ongoing activity, while kneecap pain often responds to a structured exercise program. We set goals with you and review progress.

Do I need a referral, and can I claim?
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No referral is needed for private appointments. With a GP Chronic Condition Management Plan, Medicare rebates apply to up to five eligible allied health services a calendar year. Private health extras, DVA and workers compensation may also cover knee physiotherapy, depending on your situation.

Not sure where to start?

Tell us what is going on and we will point you to the right discipline, or to more than one. Most people start with a single appointment and leave with a plan the rest of the team can see.

Or go straight to a service

Phone (08) 6110 0570 · Medicare, NDIS, DVA and private options across our services

For GPs and health professionals

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