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Musculoskeletal

Tennis elbow physiotherapy

Tennis elbow is a sore tendon on the outside of the elbow that usually settles over months. Managing load and a progressive exercise program are the core of care.

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Understanding the condition

Tennis elbow (lateral elbow tendinopathy, also called lateral epicondylalgia) is pain on the outside of the elbow, where the forearm tendons attach to the bone. Despite the name it often follows repeated gripping, lifting or typing rather than tennis.1 Recovery is typically slow, taking anywhere from 6 to 12 months.1 Most people improve, but about 20 to 38% still have symptoms at 6 to 12 months, and recurrence has been reported in up to 54% of people at 2 years.2

Physiotherapy focuses on managing the load on the tendon, keeping active while avoiding movements that aggravate the arm,1 and progressive exercise. The 2022 JOSPT guideline recommends resisted exercise of the wrist extensor muscles for subacute and chronic cases, and notes that elbow mobilisation, rigid taping and orthoses may give short-term relief.2 A Japanese Orthopaedic Association guideline also rated physical therapy as the best-supported treatment.3 Steroid injections ease pain for a short time but do not prevent recurrence,1 and in a randomised trial they led to worse recovery and recurrence at 52 weeks than placebo.4

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Tennis elbow physiotherapy

What to look out for, and how we help

Symptoms are a guide, not a diagnosis. Your GP confirms the diagnosis; our team helps you manage it day to day.

What you might notice

  • Pain on the outside of the elbow that can spread down the forearm
  • Pain when gripping, lifting a kettle, shaking hands or turning a door handle
  • Tenderness when pressing on the bony bump on the outside of the elbow
  • Weaker grip strength than usual
  • Pain after repeated wrist and forearm tasks such as typing, tool use or racquet sports
  • See your doctor promptly if your symptoms are getting worse, or if you notice abnormal swelling, redness and heat, colour changes in your fingers or arm, or changes in sensation.

How our team helps

  • Assessment and diagnosis, including checking the neck and wrist for other sources of arm pain
  • Individual exercise programs with progressive loading of the wrist and forearm muscles
  • Hands-on therapy, including elbow mobilisation, used alongside exercise
  • Dry needling as an optional add-on for some people, alongside exercise
  • Return to work or sport planning, including task and tool modification
  • Reports for GPs, insurers and workers compensation, and coordination with your GP about injections or specialist referral

Your PDC care team

The teams and services that most often support people with this condition. They work from one shared plan, and one GP referral reaches all of them.

Allied health teams

Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy
Allied health team
Physiotherapy
Musculoskeletal treatment and rehabilitation to help you move better and manage pain.
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Related services

Related conditions

Terms explained

Plain English explanations for this condition are being added.
See all conditions

Sources and clinical review

Our tennis elbow care follows the 2022 JOSPT lateral elbow pain clinical practice guideline and current Australian physiotherapy guidance.

  1. Healthdirect Australia. Tennis elbow. Sydney: Healthdirect Australia; reviewed Mar 2024 [cited 2026 Oct 4].
  2. Lucado AM, Day JM, Vincent JI, et al. Lateral elbow pain and muscle function impairments: clinical practice guidelines. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2022;52(12):CPG1-CPG111.
  3. Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) clinical practice guidelines on the management of lateral epicondylitis of the humerus: secondary publication. J Orthop Sci. 2022;27(3):514-32.
  4. Coombes BK, Bisset L, Brooks P, Khan A, Vicenzino B. Effect of corticosteroid injection, physiotherapy, or both on clinical outcomes in patients with unilateral lateral epicondylalgia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2013;309(5):461-9.
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Common questions

How long does tennis elbow take to heal?
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Recovery is typically slow, taking anywhere from 6 to 12 months.<sup>1</sup> Most people improve, but some still have symptoms at 6 to 12 months and it can come back.<sup>2</sup> Early assessment and a progressive exercise program help guide you through it.

Should I rest or keep using my arm?
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Keep active but try to avoid activities that make your arm hurt.<sup>1</sup> Complete rest is not the aim. We help you adjust how much and how you load the arm, then build it up with exercise, so you can keep working or playing where possible.

Is a cortisone injection worth it for tennis elbow?
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Injections can ease pain for a short time but do not prevent recurrence.<sup>1</sup> In a randomised trial of 165 people, those given a corticosteroid injection had worse recovery and recurrence at 52 weeks than those given a placebo injection.<sup>4</sup> Talk to your GP about the options.

Will a brace, strap or tape help?
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They may help in the short term. The 2022 JOSPT guideline notes that rigid taping gave immediate or short-term pain relief and that orthoses can give immediate relief during aggravating activities.<sup>2</sup> They work best alongside an exercise program, not instead of one.

Do I need a referral, and can I claim?
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No referral is needed for private appointments. With a GP Chronic Condition Management Plan, Medicare rebates apply to up to five eligible allied health services a calendar year. Work-related tennis elbow is commonly covered by workers compensation, and private health extras or DVA may also apply.

Not sure where to start?

Tell us what is going on and we will point you to the right discipline, or to more than one. Most people start with a single appointment and leave with a plan the rest of the team can see.

Or go straight to a service

Phone (08) 6110 0570 · Medicare, NDIS, DVA and private options across our services

For GPs and health professionals

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