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Chronic condition

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormonal and metabolic condition, renamed polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome, or PMOS, in May 2026, with diagnosis and treatment unchanged. Insulin resistance sits at the centre.

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Understanding the condition

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common hormonal and metabolic condition affecting people of reproductive age. In May 2026 it was renamed polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome, or PMOS, to reflect that it affects the whole body and not only the ovaries. Diagnosis and treatment are unchanged, and both names are in use while guidelines and resources catch up.1,2 You do not need cysts to have it: the word polycystic refers to multiple small immature follicles that may show on ultrasound, and not everyone has them.2,3

Insulin resistance sits at the centre of the condition. When cells respond less well to insulin the body makes more of it, and that extra insulin pushes the ovaries to produce more male type hormones, which is how irregular or absent periods, excess hair, acne, scalp hair loss and ovulation problems arise.3 The international guideline, led from Australia and approved by the NHMRC, notes that metabolic features exist independently of body weight even though extra weight makes them worse, and that the risk of early impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes is high.4

Care is shared. Diagnosis, hormonal medicines, ovulation induction and fertility treatment sit with your GP, gynaecologist or endocrinologist.1,2 PDC clinicians do not diagnose and do not prescribe. The guideline recommends lifestyle management for everyone, with no single diet or exercise approach shown to be better than another, goals set realistically, weight stigma recognised, and weight neutral care considered where that is appropriate.4 It also recommends routine screening for depression and anxiety, and attention to body image.4 That is the spirit we work in.

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

What to look out for, and how we help

Symptoms are a guide, not a diagnosis. Your GP confirms the diagnosis; our team helps you manage it day to day.

What you might notice

  • Periods that are irregular, infrequent or absent
  • Excess hair on the face, chest, stomach or back, acne or oily skin, or thinning scalp hair
  • Weight gain or difficulty losing weight, and dark velvety skin patches on the neck, underarms or groin
  • Difficulty becoming pregnant
  • Low mood, anxiety, body image distress, tiredness and poor sleep
  • Red flag: infrequent or absent periods raise the risk of thickening of the lining of the uterus and of endometrial cancer, so tell your GP about periods that have stopped, spotting between periods, or any bleeding after menopause rather than waiting.1,3,4 Bleeding that is suddenly much heavier than usual, or a heavy period with dizziness or weakness, needs urgent care: go to a Medicare Urgent Care Clinic or a hospital emergency department the same day.5

How our team helps

  • Accredited Practising Dietitian consultations that target insulin resistance through what you eat, with no single prescribed diet and no commentary on your size
  • Credentialled Diabetes Educator consultations, including support with prediabetes, a history of gestational diabetes, and glucose monitoring within your prescriber's plan
  • ESSA accredited exercise physiology, one to one or in groups, combining aerobic and resistance work you can sustain
  • Pre-pregnancy and pregnancy nutrition support, including gestational diabetes, with fertility treatment decisions staying with your specialist
  • Pharmacist medication support, so you understand the medicines your GP or specialist has prescribed and how they fit around food
  • Telehealth across all disciplines, and NDIS, DVA and WorkCover WA funding where it applies

Your PDC care team

The teams and services that most often support people with this condition. They work from one shared plan, and one GP referral reaches all of them.

Allied health teams

Dietitian
Dietitian
Allied health team
Dietitian
Personalised nutrition advice from Accredited Practising Dietitians to help manage blood glucose levels, weight management and overall nutritional health.
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Diabetes Education
Diabetes Education
Allied health team
Diabetes Education
Expert guidance from Credentialled Diabetes Educators for all types of diabetes including Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and all diabetes technology.
Read more

Exercise Physiology
Exercise Physiology
Allied health team
Exercise Physiology
Safe, effective exercise programs designed by Accredited Exercise Physiologists for chronic condition management.
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Pharmacy
Pharmacy
Allied health team
Pharmacy
On-site pharmacy services providing expert medication management, diabetes supplies, and health consultations.
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Related services

Related conditions

Terms explained

Plain English explanations for this condition are being added.
See all conditions

Sources and clinical review

This page follows the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, which was led from Australia and approved by the NHMRC, together with Jean Hailes and Dietitians Australia consumer guidance.

  1. healthdirect Australia. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). 2024. https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/polycystic-ovarian-syndrome-pcos
  2. Jean Hailes for Women's Health. Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS), the new name for PCOS. 2026. https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/pcos
  3. Dietitians Australia. Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS), formerly Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). 2022. https://dietitiansaustralia.org.au/health-advice/polyendocrine-metabolic-ovarian-syndrome-pmos-formerly-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos
  4. Medical Journal of Australia. Summary of the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. 2024. https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2024/221/7/summary-2023-international-evidence-based-guideline-assessment-and-management
  5. healthdirect Australia. Heavy periods (menorrhagia). 2026. https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/heavy-periods
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Common questions

Why is PCOS now called PMOS?
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In May 2026 the condition was renamed polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome, to reflect that it affects the whole body rather than just the ovaries. Diagnosis and treatment are unchanged. Both names are in use while guidelines and resources are updated, so you may see either from your GP.

Do I have to lose weight to be helped?
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No. The international guideline is explicit that metabolic features exist independently of body weight, that goals should be realistic and individual, that weight stigma should be recognised, and that weight neutral care may be considered. A healthy eating and activity pattern benefits insulin resistance whether or not your weight changes.

Does PCOS mean I cannot have children?
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It does not. Many people with the condition conceive naturally or with ovulation induction, and difficulty conceiving is a symptom rather than a verdict. Fertility assessment and treatment sit with your GP, gynaecologist or fertility specialist. We support the nutrition side before and during pregnancy.

What is the link with diabetes?
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Insulin resistance drives the condition, and the risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes is higher, often earlier than people expect. Your GP arranges glucose or HbA1c testing. PDC is built around diabetes care, so our dietitians and Credentialled Diabetes Educators work on this together.

Is there one diet for PCOS?
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No, and anyone who tells you there is one is overselling it. The guideline found no single diet or exercise approach better than another, and Mediterranean and DASH style patterns are among those recommended. We build something you can keep doing, with lower glycaemic index and higher fibre choices spread across the day.

Not sure where to start?

Tell us what is going on and we will point you to the right discipline, or to more than one. Most people start with a single appointment and leave with a plan the rest of the team can see.

Or go straight to a service

Phone (08) 6110 0570 · Medicare, NDIS, DVA and private options across our services

For GPs and health professionals

Referring a patient with this condition?

Send an online referral in under two minutes. One referral reaches every discipline at PDC Health Hub.