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Devices and technology

Closed loop

Closed loop describes an insulin system in which a CGM, an insulin pump and software work together so that glucose readings automatically decide how much insulin is given, without a person setting each dose.

Also called
closed-loop system, fully closed loop
Formerly called

What it means

The loop is closed because the readings feed back into the dosing, the way a healthy pancreas responds to glucose. A fully closed loop would need no input at meals. The systems available in Australia are hybrid closed loop, which still need you to enter or confirm meals. Fully closed loop systems, including some that add a second hormone such as glucagon, are being studied in research trials.

In everyday conversation, closed loop, hybrid closed loop and automated insulin delivery are often used to mean the same thing.

At PDC Health Hub
PDC Health Hub's diabetes educators provide insulin pump and closed loop training.

Sources and clinical review

Clinically reviewed by
Teresa Di Franco
Last reviewed:
October 16, 2026
Next review due:
October 15, 2027

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