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Falls and balance

Deconditioning

Deconditioning is the loss of strength, fitness and everyday function that follows a hospital stay, a long illness or a long stretch of inactivity. In older people it can begin within days.

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Understanding the condition

Deconditioning is what happens to a body that stops being used: strength, balance and endurance all drop away, along with the everyday things they make possible. Victorian health guidance notes that older people in hospital are at risk of functional decline and deconditioning as early as two days after admission, and lists loss of muscle strength and increased risk of falls among the effects of bed rest.1 Functional decline is one of the most common harms for older people in hospital, along with delirium, which is a medical emergency.2,6 It also follows a long illness, or a long stretch at home without moving much.

It matters because it takes independence. Bed rest has considerable impacts on an older person's ability to be independent, and promoting mobility reduces the likelihood of falls, fall related injuries and the loss of confidence that comes with fear of falling.1 Falls are common in people aged 65 and over, and a hip fracture can reduce independence, increase reliance on family and carers, and increase the chance of moving into an aged care facility.3 So the target is not fitness for its own sake. It is getting off a chair, up a step, and through a day without help.

A graded program starts below what you can already do and adds in planned steps. National guidance for older Australians is at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity on most, preferably all, days, and if 30 minutes is difficult now, start with 10 minutes once or twice a day and increase to 15 minutes twice a day after two weeks.4 Fitness, strength, balance and flexibility work are spread across the week.4 For falls specifically, the exercise needs to challenge your balance and keep going over months. NSW Health's falls prevention guidance for older adults suggests at least two hours a week, sustained for six months or more.5

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Deconditioning

What to look out for, and how we help

Symptoms are a guide, not a diagnosis. Your GP confirms the diagnosis; our team helps you manage it day to day.

What you might notice

  • Getting out of a chair, off the toilet or out of bed takes effort it did not take before.
  • Walking is slower and shorter, and stairs or a slope now need a rest.
  • Legs feel weak or unsteady, and you find yourself reaching for furniture or a wall.
  • You are more breathless doing the same tasks, and stay tired for longer afterwards.
  • Everyday jobs have quietly dropped off: showering, shopping, cooking, getting out of the house.
  • Urgent: a severe fall, or any fall with injury, means going to your nearest emergency department, or calling 000 and asking for an ambulance. A sudden change in thinking, alertness or behaviour over hours or days can be delirium, which is a medical emergency: call 000 and ask for an ambulance, or take the person to the emergency department. See your doctor after any fall, even one you walked away from.

How our team helps

  • An ESSA accredited exercise physiologist starts at the level you are at now and builds strength, balance and endurance in planned steps, one to one or in a small group.
  • Physiotherapy for people aged 16 and over for balance, walking, and getting on and off the floor, including hands-on therapy where pain is holding you back.
  • Hydrotherapy in a warm pool when full weight bearing on land is the barrier to starting.
  • Accredited Practising Dietitian consultations and health and nutrition checks, because eating well is part of rebuilding muscle and gives you a measured starting point.
  • Visits to residential aged care facilities and care at home through Support at Home, so the program happens where you live.
  • Telehealth across all disciplines, with NDIS, DVA and WorkCover WA funding accepted.

Your PDC care team

The teams and services that most often support people with this condition. They work from one shared plan, and one GP referral reaches all of them.

Allied health teams

Exercise Physiology
Exercise Physiology
Allied health team
Exercise Physiology
Safe, effective exercise programs designed by Accredited Exercise Physiologists for chronic condition management.
Read more

Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy
Allied health team
Physiotherapy
Musculoskeletal treatment and rehabilitation to help you move better and manage pain.
Read more

Dietitian
Dietitian
Allied health team
Dietitian
Personalised nutrition advice from Accredited Practising Dietitians to help manage blood glucose levels, weight management and overall nutritional health.
Read more

Related services

Related conditions

Terms explained

Plain English explanations for this condition are being added.
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Sources and clinical review

This page follows Australian guidance: the Victorian Department of Health advice on mobility, self care and functional decline for older people in hospital, Australia's physical activity and exercise guidelines for older Australians, and NSW Health's falls prevention guidance for older adults.

  1. Victorian Department of Health. Older people in hospital: falls, mobility and self-care. Page updated 17 July 2024. https://www.health.vic.gov.au/older-people-in-hospital/falls-mobility-and-self-care
  2. Clinical Excellence Queensland. Eat Walk Engage. Published 2019, last updated April 2025. https://www.clinicalexcellence.qld.gov.au/improvement-exchange/eat-walk-engage
  3. Healthdirect Australia. Falls. Last reviewed September 2025. https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/falls
  4. Australian Government Department of Health. Physical activity and exercise guidelines for all Australians: for older Australians (65 years and over). No date shown on page, accessed October 2026. https://health.gov.au/health-topics/physical-activity-and-exercise/physical-activity-and-exercise-guidelines-for-all-australians/for-older-australians
  5. NSW Health. Active and Healthy: Preventing falls for older adults. No date shown on page, accessed October 2026. https://www.activeandhealthy.nsw.gov.au/preventing-falls/preventing-falls-for-older-adults
  6. Healthdirect Australia. Delirium. Last reviewed September 2024. https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/delirium
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Common questions

How quickly do you lose strength and fitness?
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Faster than most people expect. Victorian health guidance states that older people in hospital are at risk of functional decline and deconditioning as early as two days after admission, and that bed rest leads to loss of muscle strength and an increased risk of falls. That is why hospitals now push to get people sitting out of bed, dressed and walking early rather than waiting until discharge.

I was in hospital for a week and now I cannot manage the stairs. Is that normal?
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It is common, and it is not something you have to accept. Functional decline is one of the most frequent harms for older people in hospital. A graded program rebuilds strength, balance and endurance in steps, and the targets are the tasks you have lost rather than abstract fitness. Start with an assessment so progress can be measured instead of guessed at.

What does a graded program actually look like?
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Small and frequent at first. National guidance for older Australians suggests starting with 10 minutes of activity once or twice a day, increasing to 15 minutes twice a day after two weeks, and working towards at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity on most days. Fitness, strength, balance and flexibility are spread across the week, and the level only goes up once the last step has settled.

Will exercise stop me falling?
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It reduces the likelihood of falls and fall related injuries, and it helps with the loss of confidence that comes with fear of falling. The part that matters most is exercise that genuinely challenges your balance, and it has to continue rather than stop at discharge. NSW Health's falls prevention guidance for older adults suggests at least two hours a week, or about 20 minutes a day, kept up for six months or more. No program removes the risk entirely.

Can PDC see my parent in their aged care facility?
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Yes. We provide services to residential aged care facilities and through Support at Home, so exercise physiology, physiotherapy and dietetics can happen where the person lives rather than needing a trip to a clinic. Sessions can be one to one or in a small supervised group. Telehealth is also available across all disciplines.

Not sure where to start?

Tell us what is going on and we will point you to the right discipline, or to more than one. Most people start with a single appointment and leave with a plan the rest of the team can see.

Or go straight to a service

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