For health professionalsContact us(08) 6110 0570admin@pdchealthhub.com.au
Digestive health

Reflux and Heartburn

Reflux is stomach contents rising back into your food pipe, and it is called GORD when it keeps happening. Our dietitians help you find your own triggers, and your GP decides on medicines and on endoscopy.

#E0ECF1
#00648D
#004E6E

Understanding the condition

Reflux happens when stomach contents rise back into the oesophagus, the tube between your mouth and stomach. Occasional heartburn is common. When it happens more than twice a week it is called gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, or GORD.1 The usual cause is a lower oesophageal sphincter, the muscle ring at the top of the stomach, that does not close properly.1 Heartburn and regurgitation are the main symptoms, and reflux can also cause a night cough, hoarseness, a lump in the throat feeling and tooth damage.1

The measures with the clearest place are practical ones: smaller and more frequent meals, finishing your evening meal two to three hours before bed or exercise, staying upright after eating, raising the head of the bed, sleeping on your left side, losing weight if you carry extra, and stopping smoking.1,2 Trigger foods are listed as possible, not universal, and healthdirect is explicit that people react differently, so there is no case for cutting out coffee, citrus, tomato, chocolate and spice all at once.2 A dietitian helps you test them one at a time.

Medicines sit with your GP. Antacids, H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors are the options, and a proton pump inhibitor is usually prescribed for four to eight weeks and then reduced to the lowest dose that works, because long term use is not recommended.1 Australian general practice guidance says use beyond eight weeks is rarely indicated, and that stepping down or stopping should be planned rather than abrupt.3 Difficulty swallowing, vomiting blood, black or bloody stools, anaemia or weight loss change the plan: those point to endoscopy.3,4

PHOTO NEEDED · Add a Hero Image to this condition in the CMS: a PDC clinician with a client, natural light, no identifiable health information on screen

Reflux and Heartburn

What to look out for, and how we help

Symptoms are a guide, not a diagnosis. Your GP confirms the diagnosis; our team helps you manage it day to day.

What you might notice

  • Burning discomfort behind the breastbone that may travel up towards your neck
  • Acid or food coming back into your throat or mouth, with a sour or bitter taste
  • Bloating, burping and indigestion
  • A cough at night, wheeze, a hoarse voice or a feeling of a lump in your throat
  • Symptoms that worsen after large meals, late meals, alcohol or lying down
  • Red flag: reflux chest pain can be hard to tell apart from a heart attack. If chest pain lasts more than a few minutes, or comes with shortness of breath, sudden sweating, nausea, dizziness, or pain in the jaw, arm, back or neck, call 000 and ask for an ambulance.1,4 Do not wait to work out whether it is heartburn. Vomiting blood, vomit that looks like coffee grounds, or black tarry stools need a hospital emergency department or 000 straight away, and so does any bleeding with light-headedness or weakness.5 Book a same day GP appointment for difficulty swallowing, repeated vomiting without blood, or weight loss you did not plan.1,4

How our team helps

  • Accredited Practising Dietitian consultations that test your triggers one at a time instead of stripping your diet back
  • Practical work on meal size, meal timing and the hours before bed, built around your shifts and your family
  • Pharmacist medication support, including how and when to take antacids and acid lowering medicines, and what a step down plan from your GP involves
  • ESSA accredited exercise physiology for weight management, with activity timed so it does not set symptoms off
  • Health and nutrition checks, with findings written back to your GP when symptoms point to endoscopy
  • Telehealth across all disciplines, and NDIS, DVA and WorkCover WA funding where it applies

Your PDC care team

The teams and services that most often support people with this condition. They work from one shared plan, and one GP referral reaches all of them.

Allied health teams

Dietitian
Dietitian
Allied health team
Dietitian
Personalised nutrition advice from Accredited Practising Dietitians to help manage blood glucose levels, weight management and overall nutritional health.
Read more

Pharmacy
Pharmacy
Allied health team
Pharmacy
On-site pharmacy services providing expert medication management, diabetes supplies, and health consultations.
Read more

Exercise Physiology
Exercise Physiology
Allied health team
Exercise Physiology
Safe, effective exercise programs designed by Accredited Exercise Physiologists for chronic condition management.
Read more

Related services

Related conditions

Terms explained

Plain English explanations for this condition are being added.
See all conditions

Sources and clinical review

This page follows Australian guidance: healthdirect Australia's GORD information, and the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners' Australian Journal of General Practice guidance on deprescribing proton pump inhibitors.

  1. healthdirect Australia. GORD (reflux). 2024. https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/gord-reflux
  2. healthdirect Australia. GORD and diet. 2024. https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/gord-and-diet
  3. Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. Deprescribing proton pump inhibitors. Australian Journal of General Practice, 2022. https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2022/november/deprescribing-proton-pump-inhibitors
  4. healthdirect Australia. Complications of GORD (reflux). 2024. https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/complications-of-gord-reflux
  5. healthdirect Australia. Gastrointestinal bleeding. 2024. https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/gastrointestinal-bleeding
Clinically reviewed by
Last reviewed:

Common questions

Do I have to give up coffee?
+

Not automatically. Coffee is on the list of possible triggers, but healthdirect is clear that people react differently, so the useful step is testing it rather than assuming. We change one thing at a time and keep what makes no difference to you.

How long should I be on a proton pump inhibitor?
+

That is your GP's decision, not ours. A proton pump inhibitor is usually prescribed for four to eight weeks and then reduced to the lowest effective dose, because long term use is not recommended. Australian general practice guidance says use beyond eight weeks is rarely indicated, and that coming off works better tapered or taken as needed than stopped abruptly.

When does reflux need a camera test?
+

An endoscopy is considered when symptoms do not improve with medicine, when there may be another cause, or when there is a risk of complications. Warning features include trouble swallowing, vomiting blood, black or bloody stools, anaemia and unplanned weight loss, and your GP or specialist arranges the test. Vomiting blood or black tarry stools need an emergency department straight away rather than an appointment, while difficulty swallowing and unplanned weight loss need your GP the same day.

Can losing weight help my reflux?
+

Yes, and even a small amount helps if you are carrying extra weight. Our dietitians and exercise physiologists work on that together, and we time activity so exercise does not trigger symptoms. Finishing your evening meal two to three hours before you exercise or go to bed is part of the same plan.

Is reflux the same as a hiatus hernia?
+

No, but they are linked. A hiatus hernia is one of the things that raises the risk of reflux, and surgery is sometimes considered when a hernia is present or when severe symptoms do not respond to medicine. Diagnosis and any decision about surgery sit with your GP and specialist.

Not sure where to start?

Tell us what is going on and we will point you to the right discipline, or to more than one. Most people start with a single appointment and leave with a plan the rest of the team can see.

Or go straight to a service

Phone (08) 6110 0570 · Medicare, NDIS, DVA and private options across our services

For GPs and health professionals

Referring a patient with this condition?

Send an online referral in under two minutes. One referral reaches every discipline at PDC Health Hub.