Pancreatitis

Gallstones and heavy alcohol use are the most common causes, and smoking and a family history raise the risk. Acute pancreatitis causes severe upper abdominal pain that may spread to the back, often with nausea, vomiting and fever: go to the nearest emergency department if you have symptoms of acute pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis may cause ongoing upper abdominal pain, oily or floating stools, diarrhoea and weight loss.

Over time, a damaged pancreas may not make enough digestive enzymes or insulin. This can lead to poor absorption of nutrients, muscle and bone loss, and diabetes, known as type 3c diabetes. Management includes stopping alcohol and smoking, pain relief and, where needed, enzyme replacement and diabetes care. Eating advice depends on your situation, so check with your treating team or a dietitian before cutting foods out. Regular check-ups after an acute episode help lower the chance of chronic disease.