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Circulation

Leg swelling and vein problems

Swollen ankles, heavy legs and skin changes can come from weakened leg veins. Podiatry care checks your blood supply first, then fits compression and looks after your skin.

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Understanding the condition

Chronic venous insufficiency happens when the valves in the leg veins stop working well, so blood flows back down the leg and pools instead of returning to the heart.1 It can cause swollen ankles, heavy or aching legs that feel worse by the end of the day, darkened or itchy skin, and sometimes ulcers just above the ankle (venous leg ulcers).1,2 Venous ulcers are the most common type of leg ulcer.2

Compression stockings or bandages are the mainstay of care, and they help venous leg ulcers heal.2,4 They are only safe when the arterial blood supply is adequate, so we check for arterial disease first, using your history, an examination of your legs and feet and usually an ankle brachial index.3 Guidelines differ on how low a reading is too low, so low or borderline results go to a vascular specialist.5 Once compression is safe, it is measured, fitted and replaced regularly, with skin care and dressings as needed.3

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Leg swelling and vein problems

What to look out for, and how we help

Symptoms are a guide, not a diagnosis. Your GP confirms the diagnosis; our team helps you manage it day to day.

What you might notice

  • Swollen ankles or lower legs, often worse by the end of the day or after standing for long periods
  • Heavy, aching or tired legs
  • Darkening of the skin around the ankles, or dark purple or rust-coloured staining
  • Itchy, red or flaky skin on the lower leg (varicose eczema)
  • Visible varicose veins, or a sore just above the ankle
  • See a doctor if a leg wound is not healing, shows signs of infection, or the skin colour changes. If a compression bandage or stocking causes numbness, severe pain or trouble breathing, get urgent medical care.

How our team helps

  • Assessment and diagnosis, including circulation testing in the clinic with an ankle brachial index and toe brachial index, to confirm the blood supply is adequate before compression
  • Compression stocking fitting, measured to your leg once it is safe to use
  • Nail and skin care for dry, itchy or fragile skin on swollen legs
  • Wound care and dressings for leg ulcers, working with your GP
  • Exercise and stretching advice to keep the calf muscle and ankle moving
  • A written report to your GP, and referral to a vascular specialist or a high risk foot clinic when results are low or borderline

Your PDC care team

The teams and services that most often support people with this condition. They work from one shared plan, and one GP referral reaches all of them.

Allied health teams

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Related services

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Terms explained

Plain English explanations for this condition are being added.
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Sources and clinical review

Our care follows current Australian consumer guidance on leg ulcers and varicose veins, the 2023 Australian wound standards as summarised by QUT, and Cochrane evidence on compression.

  1. Healthdirect Australia. Varicose veins. Sydney: Healthdirect Australia; reviewed August 2024.
  2. Healthdirect Australia. Leg ulcers, foot ulcers. Sydney: Healthdirect Australia; reviewed July 2025.
  3. Queensland University of Technology. Venous Leg Ulcers: Information for health professionals. Brisbane: QUT; 2024.
  4. Shi C, Dumville JC, Cullum N, Connaughton E, Norman G. Compression bandages or stockings versus no compression for treating venous leg ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;(7):CD013397.
  5. Weller CD, Team V, Ivory JD, Crawford K, Gethin G. ABPI reporting and compression recommendations in global clinical practice guidelines on venous leg ulcer management: a scoping review. Int Wound J. 2019;16(2):406-419. doi:10.1111/iwj.13048.
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Common questions

What does venous insufficiency feel like?
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Most people notice swollen ankles and heavy, aching or tired legs, often worse by the end of the day. Over time the skin around the ankles can darken or become itchy, and some people develop a sore just above the ankle. Symptoms vary from mild to troublesome.

Do I need a circulation test before wearing compression stockings?
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Usually, yes. Compression is the main treatment for venous problems, but it can harm a leg with poor arterial blood supply. An assessment of the arteries, often including an ankle brachial index, comes first. Do not start strong compression on your own, especially with a sore leg.

How are venous leg ulcers treated?
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Compression is the main treatment, alongside wound dressings, skin care and treating infection, and healing improves when it is correctly fitted and used. We fit compression stockings rather than applying compression bandaging, and your GP may also refer you to a vascular surgeon about the underlying vein problem.

When should I see a doctor about leg swelling?
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See a doctor if symptoms bother you, the skin colour changes, a wound is not healing, or you see signs of infection. Get urgent care if compression causes numbness or severe pain. A podiatrist can assess your legs and feet and liaise with your GP.

Do I need a referral to see a podiatrist for leg swelling?
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No referral is needed for private appointments. A Medicare rebate needs a GP Chronic Condition Management Plan and a GP referral, and applies to up to five eligible allied health services a calendar year. Private health extras often cover podiatry, and DVA or NDIS funding may apply in some cases.

Not sure where to start?

Tell us what is going on and we will point you to the right discipline, or to more than one. Most people start with a single appointment and leave with a plan the rest of the team can see.

Or go straight to a service

Phone (08) 6110 0570 · Medicare, NDIS, DVA and private options across our services

For GPs and health professionals

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